Over fifty years ago, Vannevar Bush launched his enormously influential report, Science, the Limitless Frontier, which asserted a dichotomy between primary and applied science. This view was at the core of the compact between government and science that led to the golden age of scientific research after World War II--a compact that's presently below severe stress. In this e-book, Donald Stokes challenges Bush's view and maintains that we will solely rebuild the relationship between government and the scientific group when we perceive what's mistaken with that view. Stokes begins with an evaluation of the goals of understanding and use in scientific research. He recasts the broadly accepted view of the tension between understanding and use, citing as a model case the fundamental but use-inspired research by which Louis Pasteur laid the foundations of microbiology a century ago. Pasteur labored within the era of the " second industrial revolution, " when the relationship between primary science and technological change assumed its modern form. Over subsequent a long time, technology has been more and more science-based. However science has been increasingly expertise-based--with the selection of problems and the conduct of analysis often inspired by societal needs. An instance is the work of the quantum-results physicists who are probing the phenomena revealed by the miniaturization of semiconductors from the time of the transistor's discovery after World Warfare II. On this revised, interactive view of science and technology, Stokes builds a convincing case that by recognizing the significance of use-impressed fundamental research we will frame a brand new compact between science and government. His conclusions have majorimplications for each the scientific and policy communities and will be of great curiosity to those in the broader public who are troubled by the current role of basic science in American democracy.
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